St Vietnam era. Time since first PTSD diagnosis was categorized as

St Vietnam era. Time since first PTSD diagnosis was categorized as new, 1 year history or 3 year history of PTSD in VA. Psychiatric comorbidities were identified by ICD-9 codes using the same case definition as for PTSD, which required at least one clinic visit coded as either primary or secondary diagnosis. The psychiatric comorbidities included in the analysis were depressive disorders, substance use disorders, traumatic brain injury, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and social phobia.METHODSData SourceNational administrative VA data were obtained for fiscal years 1999 through 2009, including outpatient visit data and inpatient discharge data from the VA Austin Information Technology Center (Austin, TX) and pharmacy data from the VA Pharmacy Benefits Management Services (Hines, IL). Patient-level data were linked between these sources using a scrambled patient identification number. This study was approved by the University of Iowa Institutional Review Board and the Iowa City Veterans Administration Research and Development Committee.PatientsVeterans with PTSD were identified using diagnostic codes extracted from inpatient and outpatient clinic visit data. Patients were considered to have PTSD during a given year if they had at least one visit coded for PTSD as either primary or secondary diagnosis. PTSD was identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code of 309.81. This case definition has been used in prior work examining medication use in veterans with PTSD.6 The estimated rate of false-positive cases due to administrative miscoding is infrequent (4 ) using this case definition.10,Statistical AnalysisDemographic characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity frequencies were compared between men and women using a t test for continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables. Medication prescribing frequencies were reported separately for men and women spanning the study time period of 1999009. Temporal changes in gender-based differences in prescribing frequencies were expressed using odds ratios, where values greater than one indicated a higher prescribing frequency for women compared to men. The influence of demographic characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity on the likelihood of prescribing was examined using multiple logistic regression, with separate analyses conducted for three medication classes commonly prescribed to veterans with PTSD: SSRI/ SNRIs, atypical antipsychotics and benzodiazepines.Lysostaphin The first step was to report individual multivariable models for men and women to examine the independent influence of demographic and comorbidity variables on prescribing and contrast effects across gender.Sparfloxacin Comorbidities were selected for analysis from among DSM-IV Axis I disorders that areMedication UseMedication use for each patient was based on having at least one outpatient prescription fill of any quantity, days’ supply or dosage from within selected therapeutic classes.PMID:35954127 Medications were selected based on their classification in the VA/DOD CPG for PTSD and prior studies of prescribing practices among veterans with PTSD.6,9,12 These classes included selective serotonin reuptake inhib-SBernardy et al.: Gender Differences in PrescribingJGIMcommonly co-occurring with PTSD or disorders that are valid indications or relative contraindications to benzodiazepine use. The second step was to create four logistic regression models predi.