Tion, wax, eggs and animal protein materials, presumably in the affresco approach. Furthermore, wax, eggs

Tion, wax, eggs and animal protein materials, presumably in the affresco approach. Furthermore, wax, eggs and [80]. identified, the presence of that is due to preceding restoration workanimal glue happen to be identified, the presence of that is because of earlier restoration perform [80].Figure 1. The image of Season in area 42 (the antechamber from the so-called erotic cubiculum) of Figure 1. The picture of Season in space 42 (the antechamber in the so-called erotic cubiculum) of Insula del Centenario, Pompeii, Italy, exactly where sample 42/2 was collected. Insula del Centenario, Pompeii, Italy, exactly where sample 42/2 was collected.A paper has been published on Villa of the Papyri in Herculaneum, to be able to know the presence of an organic binder. The authors located egg, by means of GC-MS, in some samples, where the pigment needed a secco method. Additionally they investigated the presence of wax employed as superficial remedies with the wall painting. The fact that they did not detect beeswax in all of the analyzed samples give further details that the encaustic strategy was not utilized for the realization in the wall paintings on the Vesuvian region [81]. An fascinating perform examined the wooden roof and ceiling of the House on the Telephus Relief in Herculaneum. The purpose of this study was to assess the procedures employed to decorate the wooden ceiling, applying a multianalytical 5-Fluorouridine Cancer method (SEM/EDX, FT-IR spectroscopy, GC/MS and Py-GC/MS). The outcomes showed that a Aurintricarboxylic acid Autophagy tempera painting has been chosen. Egg was employed as binding medium, as confirmed by the evaluation from the proteinaceous fraction and by the presence of cholesterol. In only 1 sample, caseinAppl. Sci. 2021, 11,12 ofwas determined, almost certainly employed as an adhesive. The paint layer was straight applied the wooden ceiling, without having a preparatory stratum. A motivating aspect of this paper is the fact that the authors argue that, primarily based on chemical investigations, this can be the initial time it has been doable to prove that egg tempera has been made use of to decorate wooden architectural elements [82]. Cunhighlights the truth that investigations of ancient Roman wall painting show the difficulty of effectively extracting organic binders. The author considers that from time to time it might be deemed an affresco painting, due to the lack of benefits obtained, when the organic binder may very well be present, but not identified for purely analytical troubles. The usage of inappropriate extraction methods for ancient paint supports can cause the transformation of some elements on the binder, generating an incomplete characterization on the composition He pointed out that chemical analyses of Roman wall painting have identified other varieties of paint binders and that there’s a clear difference among the outcomes of one particular study group and also the other. These components could possibly be associated towards the difficulty of extracting ancient painting binders and, also, the influence of microbiological contamination. The absence of data in most studies around the efficiency of extraction actions utilised in antique samples as well as the impact of microbial contamination may possibly give rise to doubts about a number of the final results obtained [8]. Cunet al. (2012) studied eight samples of Roman wall paintings from 3 archaeological internet sites in Spain employing full attenuated reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and GC-MS, to be able to recognize organic binder. It was observed the samples featured beeswax and soap. These results show for the first time that Roman artists applied in mural paintings.