Had been randomised in to the mask arm (n=123) or the handle arm (n=122). The

Had been randomised in to the mask arm (n=123) or the handle arm (n=122). The mask arm had on average 2.5 household contacts per index case (n=302), even though the control arm had two.4 household contacts per index case (n=295). Traits of index cases and household members are presented in table 1. There was no substantial distinction involving arms, and most traits, such as medication use (data not PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331531 shown), were generally similar. Viruses have been isolated from 60 (146245) of index situations. Influenza was by far the most widespread virus isolated from 115 (47 ) cases–influenza A–100, influenza B– 11 and influenza A and B–4. Other viruses isolated from index cases have been rhinovirus,13 NL6311 and C229E.7 More than one virus was isolated in 48 (20 ) index cases, including 17 coinfections with influenza. Table two shows the intention-to-treat analysis. CRI was reported in 4 (1.911000 person-days) household members within the mask arm, compared with six household members (2.951000 person-days) in the manage arm (RR 0.65, 95 CI 0.18 to 2.29). Only one case (0.481000 person-days) of ILI was reported within the mask arm, compared with 3 cases (1.471000 person-days) in the handle arm (RR 0.32, 95 CI 0.03 to three.11). Two laboratory-confirmed infections were identified amongst symptomatic household members from a separate household. One particular household member had the same infection (influenza H1N1) because the respective index case. Rhinovirus was isolated from an additional household member.Table 1 Demographic and also other qualities in the index cases and household members Variable Index case (number) Gender (male) Age (mean) Education (undergraduatepostgraduate) Smoker (currentex) Pre-existing illness Influenza PBTZ169 vaccination (yes) Hand washing (mostall occasions) Average hour of household stay Typical hour mask wearing Household (members) Quantity of household per arm Gender (male) Influenza vaccination (yes) Age (imply) Mask arm ( and 95 CI) 123 56123 45.five (37.0 to 54.3 ) 40.2 (37.six to 42.eight) 78123 63.four (54.6 to 71.4 ) 29123 23.six (16.9 to 31.eight ) 21123 17.1 (16.2 to 31.0 ) 5123 four.1 (1.7 to 9.2 ) 98123 79.7 (71.7 to 85.eight ) 16.six (15.9 to 17.3) 4.4 (3.9 to four.9) 302 2.5 149302 49.3 (43.four to 24.6 ) 22298 7.4 (4.9 to 10.9 ) 38.three (36.0 to 40.5) Handle arm ( and 95 CI) 122 45122 36.9 (28.8 to 45.7 ) 39.7 (37.three to 42.0) 74122 60.7 (51.eight to 68.9 ) 26122 21.3 (15.0 to 29.4 ) 16122 13.1 (eight.2 to 20.2 ) 5122 four.1 (1.eight to 9.2 ) 109122 89.three (82.6 to 93.7 ) 16.6 (15.9 to 17.three) 1.four (0.9 to 1.eight) 295 two.4 168295 56.9 (51.6 to 62.9 ) 30285 10.5 (7.1 to 14.six ) 36.4 (34.1 to 38.eight)Consists of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary illness, diabetes, ischaemic heart illness, immune-compromised and others. Variable was developed by taking average hours more than the trial period. Missing information for 14 cases.MacIntyre CR, et al. BMJ Open 2016;6:e012330. doi:ten.1136bmjopen-2016-MacIntyre CR, et al. BMJ Open 2016;6:e012330. doi:ten.1136bmjopen-2016-Table two Number and proportion of household members reporting main outcomes, by randomisation arm and intention-to-treat evaluation (n=597) Laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infections No (price person-days) 0.32 (0.03 to three.11) Ref 12098 (0.481000) 12036 (0.491000)CRI No (price person-days) RR (95 CI) Mask arm Control arm 42098 (1.911000) 62036 (2.951000)ILI No (rate person-days)RR (95 CI) 0.97 (0.06 to 15.five) Ref0.65 (0.18 to two.29) 12098 (0.481000) Ref 32036 (1.471000)Household members (mask arm 302 and handle arm 295). Intracluster correlation.