Script; available in PMC 2016 July 01.Wahlqvist et al.PageIt is increasingly clear that, short of interventions such as bariatric or metabolic surgery for the very obese or metabolically ill, successful long-term arrest of progressive adiposity is difficult. But the risk of this eventuality can be much less where communities, localities, and food systems are conducive to the safe pursuit of walking and recreational activity, and encourage the appreciation, enjoyment, and societal role of food. The success of community-led programs to prevent obesity, such as EPODE (Ensemble, Pr enons l’Ob it?Des Enfants ?Together, Let’s Prevent Childhood Obesity) is testimony to this.7 Our purchase BQ-123 dilemma, according to Wahlqvist, is how to promote and enable these ecosystem-based strategies for health at-large, even as such systems disappear and become dysfunctional. We must understand that the features required for competent energy regulation without disorders of body composition are environmental connectedness by regular movement to the point of healthful tiredness and natural wakefulness (like walking, cycling community dancing, tai chi) a wide range of sensory inputs (as in touch, sight, sound, smell, taste), physiological endocrine inputs into gut, integument, respiratory tract, reproductive tract and breast. These require not only appropriate personal behaviors, but also cooperative communities where the household, school, Sodium lasalocid supplier workplace and recreational settings reflect and support these attributes. The best prospects to arrest the growing epidemic of disorders of body composition and their attendant disordered metabolism are to be found where the approaches are ecologically sensitive and community based. Intended and unintended pregnancies: the role of socioeconomic inequities Lawrence B. Finer (Guttmacher Institute) discussed the importance of considering unintended pregnancy as a fundamental measure of a population’s reproductive health. Fundamentally, unintended pregnancies are reflective of an inability of women and couples to determine whether and when to have children. Unintended pregnancies are mostly mistimed pregnancies, in which a woman becomes pregnant earlier than intended, but they also include unwanted pregnancies in women who did not ever intend to become pregnant. Unintended pregnancies are associated with negative perinatal behaviors (less likely to obtain adequate prenatal care or to breastfeed) that can have negative health outcomes for infants and children. In the United States, the rates of unintended pregnancies (51 )8 and unintended births (40 ) (Finer and Zolna, unpublished) are much higher than in most other industrialized nations. In 2008 (the last year for which data are available), 51 of women of reproductive age had unintended pregnancies, and these occurred disproportionately among disadvantaged women. Striking economic and social disparities are seen in the rates of unintended pregnancies, with poor women, women with less education, unmarried women, and black and Hispanic women having more unintended pregnancies than their counterparts, with the disparities associated with income and education showing considerable growth between 2001 and 2008.8 Over this period, while the unintended pregnancy rate (as well as the overall pregnancy rate) decreased among teens, it increased among older women (above 25 years old). According to Finer, 53 of unintended pregnancies occur where no method of birth control was used, while only 2 affe.Script; available in PMC 2016 July 01.Wahlqvist et al.PageIt is increasingly clear that, short of interventions such as bariatric or metabolic surgery for the very obese or metabolically ill, successful long-term arrest of progressive adiposity is difficult. But the risk of this eventuality can be much less where communities, localities, and food systems are conducive to the safe pursuit of walking and recreational activity, and encourage the appreciation, enjoyment, and societal role of food. The success of community-led programs to prevent obesity, such as EPODE (Ensemble, Pr enons l’Ob it?Des Enfants ?Together, Let’s Prevent Childhood Obesity) is testimony to this.7 Our dilemma, according to Wahlqvist, is how to promote and enable these ecosystem-based strategies for health at-large, even as such systems disappear and become dysfunctional. We must understand that the features required for competent energy regulation without disorders of body composition are environmental connectedness by regular movement to the point of healthful tiredness and natural wakefulness (like walking, cycling community dancing, tai chi) a wide range of sensory inputs (as in touch, sight, sound, smell, taste), physiological endocrine inputs into gut, integument, respiratory tract, reproductive tract and breast. These require not only appropriate personal behaviors, but also cooperative communities where the household, school, workplace and recreational settings reflect and support these attributes. The best prospects to arrest the growing epidemic of disorders of body composition and their attendant disordered metabolism are to be found where the approaches are ecologically sensitive and community based. Intended and unintended pregnancies: the role of socioeconomic inequities Lawrence B. Finer (Guttmacher Institute) discussed the importance of considering unintended pregnancy as a fundamental measure of a population’s reproductive health. Fundamentally, unintended pregnancies are reflective of an inability of women and couples to determine whether and when to have children. Unintended pregnancies are mostly mistimed pregnancies, in which a woman becomes pregnant earlier than intended, but they also include unwanted pregnancies in women who did not ever intend to become pregnant. Unintended pregnancies are associated with negative perinatal behaviors (less likely to obtain adequate prenatal care or to breastfeed) that can have negative health outcomes for infants and children. In the United States, the rates of unintended pregnancies (51 )8 and unintended births (40 ) (Finer and Zolna, unpublished) are much higher than in most other industrialized nations. In 2008 (the last year for which data are available), 51 of women of reproductive age had unintended pregnancies, and these occurred disproportionately among disadvantaged women. Striking economic and social disparities are seen in the rates of unintended pregnancies, with poor women, women with less education, unmarried women, and black and Hispanic women having more unintended pregnancies than their counterparts, with the disparities associated with income and education showing considerable growth between 2001 and 2008.8 Over this period, while the unintended pregnancy rate (as well as the overall pregnancy rate) decreased among teens, it increased among older women (above 25 years old). According to Finer, 53 of unintended pregnancies occur where no method of birth control was used, while only 2 affe.
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