These results indicate that the Ska complex regulates Aurora B activity in an MT-dependent manner

it to that in HeLa cells, in which ZM is known to inhibit Aurora B robustly. Western blotting demonstrated that ZM dramatically reduced H3S10 phosphorylation in HeLa cells, but not in MEFs, indicating that ZM is not nearly as effective in inhibiting Aurora B substrate phosphory lation in MEFs as in HeLa cells. Next, we examined whether the reduction in Aurora B activity affects the efficiency of attachment error correction by performing a monastrol washout assay on Bub1KD/KD and wildtype MEFs. In this assay, cells are arrested in monastrol, which causes monopolar spin dles with reversible syntelic attachments. After monastrol re moval, a bipolar spindle forms, and duplicated chromosomes align in the metaphase plate upon Aurora Bdependent cor rection of any syntelic attachments. Bub1KD/KD MEFs subjected to this assay had an increased incidence of chromosome align ment defects compared with wildtype MEFs. Importantly, chemical inhibition of Aurora B with ZM or AZD1152HQPA escalated the alignment defects of Bub1KD/KD MEFs, suggesting that Bub1 kinasedeficient MEFs have residual Aurora Bmediated error correction activity. To confirm that impaired targeting of Aurora B to inner centromeres causes chromosome misalignment in Bub1KD/KD cells, we forced Aurora B accumulation at centro meres by ectopically expressing vesicular stomatitis virus CenpBinner centromere protein EGFP as previously reported. Expression of CenpBINCENP in wildtype and Bub1KD/KD MEFs mediated Aurora B accumulation at centromeres. Importantly, the chromosome misalignment defect of Bub1KD/KD MEFs observed in monastrol washout experiments was fully corrected by ectopic expression of CenpBINCENP. Together, the aforementioned data suggest that reduced Aurora B activity is responsible for the misalignment defects observed in Bub1KD/KD MEFs. The Mad3 homology domain of Bub1 is required for robust Bub1 kinase activity To determine whether kinetochore localization of Bub1 is a re quirement for its enzymatic functions, we sought to stably express Bub1 mutants that are unable to accumulate at kineto chores in Bub1 conditional knockout MEFs, inactivate endogenous Bub1 with Creexpressing lentivirus, and monitor these cells for H2AT121 phosphoryla tion. The Gle2binding sequencelike motif of Bub1, which binds Bub3, is known to be required for kinetochore localiza tion. We inactivated this motif by mutating the Bub1 cDNA sequence such that E252 was substituted to K, thus preventing kineto chore accumulation. The Nterminal Mad3 homology domain of Bub1, Halofuginone price comprising the first 126 amino acids, has been implicated in kinetochore association through Knl1 binding. We inactivated this domain by removing the Bub1 cDNA sequence encoding for the Mad3 homology domain. Consistent with a previous study, treatment of Bub1F/F MEFs with Creexpressing lentivirus resulted PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19834025 in cell death within 56 d. Stable expression of fulllength Bub1 cDNA with an Nterminal HA tag coding sequence before Cre expression fully rescued cell growth and survival, but the Bub1E252K mutant did not. However, before cell death, cells undergoing mitosis in the absence of Bub1 lack phosphorylated histone H2A at kinet ochore regions. Similarly, cells expressing Bub1 E252K in the absence of endogenous Bub1 lack phosphorylated histone H2A at centromeres, demonstrating that Bub1 kinetochore association is required for histone modification at this locale. On the other hand, expression of Bub1Mad3 fully supported cell growth in the absence of