product name Nefiracetam
Description: Nefiracetam (also known as DZL 221) is a potent GABAergic, cholinergic, and monoaminergic neuronal system enhancer for Ro 5-4864-induced convulsions. Nefiracetam at a concentration of 1 μM increases a long-lasting component of calcium channel currents two-fold without affecting a transient component. Nefiracetam induces a short-term depression of ACh-evoked currents at submicromolar concentrations (0.01–0.1 μM) and a long-term enhancement of the currents at micromolar concentrations (1–10 μM).
References: Brain Res. 2000 Mar 24;859(2):255-61; Brain Res. 1994 Apr 11;642(1-2):123-31.
246.3
Formula
C14H18N2O2
CAS No.
77191-36-7
Storage
-20℃ for 3 years in powder form
-80℃ for 2 years in solvent
Solubility (In vitro)
DMSO: 49 mg/mL (198.9 mM)
Water: 5 mg/mL (20.3 mM)
Ethanol: 49 mg/mL (198.9 mM)
Solubility (In vivo)
Synonyms
DZL 221
other peoduct :References PubMed ID：:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19421895
| In Vitro |
In vitro activity: Nefiracetam at a concentration of 1 μM increases a long-lasting component of calcium channel currents two-fold without affecting a transient component. Nefiracetam induces a short-term depression of ACh-evoked currents at submicromolar concentrations (0.01–0.1 μM) and a long-term enhancement of the currents at micromolar concentrations (1–10 μM). Nefiracetam interacts with PKA and PKC pathways, which may explain a cellular mechanism for the action of cognition-enhancing agents. Lower (submicromolar) concentrations of the nootropic Nefiracetam reduces ACh-evoked currents to 30% (0.01 μM) and 38% (0.1 μM) of control after a 10-minute treatment. In primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons, nefiracetam increases the rate of nicotine-sensitive miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. Nefiracetam induces a long-lasting facilitation of synaptic transmission in both the CA1 area and the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal slices, and the facilitation is inhibited by α-bungarotoxin and mecamylamine. Nefiracetam enhances activity of nicotinic ACh receptors by interacting with a PKC pathway, thereby increasing glutamate release from presynaptic terminals, and then leading to a sustained facilitation of hippocampal neurotransmission. Kinase Assay: Hippocampal slices (400 μM) are prepared from the guinea pig brain using standard techniques. A slice is fixed on a pair of silver wire electrodes (10 Hz, 5 V, 0.1 ms in duration) at 1-minutes intervals for 10 minutes and submerged in 1 mL standard artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) (in mM: 125 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 1.24 mM KH2PO4, 1.3 mM MgSO4, 2 mM CaCl2, 26 mM NaHCO3, and 10 mM glucose) oxygenated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 at 36 °C in the presence and absence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) (0.5 μM). In a different set of experiments, electrical stimulation is applied to slices treated with Nefiracetam (1 μM) in the presence and absence of α-bungarotoxin (50 nM) or mecamylamine (3 μM). A 100 μL aliquot of the medium filtered with millipore filters (0.45 μM) is injected onto the cation-exchanger column of the autoanalyser to separate amino acids and the amount of glutamate released is calculated using known amino acid standard concentrations. Cell Assay: The injected oocytes are transferred to the recording chamber 24 to 48 hours after incubation and continuously superfused at room temperature (20 to 22 °C) in a standard frog Ringers solution (115 mM NaCl, 2 mM KCl, 1.8 mM CaCl2, and 5 mM HEPES, pH 7.0). Ca2+ -free extracellular solution consisted of 115 mM NaCl, 2 mM KCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 5 mM HEPES, and 1 mM EGTA, pH 7.0. To remove the effect of the muscarinic ACh receptor, 1 μM atropine is added to the extracellular solution. ACh-activated currents are recorded using two-electrode, voltage-clamp techniques. The currents are analyzed on a microcomputer using pClamp software. ACh is bath-applied to oocytes. Nefiracetam is dissolved in distilled water at 1 mM for stock solution and diluted into concentrations required with the extracellular solution. |
|---|---|
| In Vivo | Nefiracetam administered orally inhibits Ro 5-4864-induced convulsions in EL mice. Nefiracetam also efficiently inhibits Ro 5-4864-induced convulsions in DDY mice at doses higher than 10 mg/kg. Nefiracetam administered daily 1 hour before each training session facilitates the acquisition process of the avoidance response. |
| Animal model | |
| Formulation & Dosage | |
| References | Brain Res. 2000 Mar 24;859(2):255-61; Brain Res. 1994 Apr 11;642(1-2):123-31. |
