Thor ManuscriptGiven the confluence of Bornstein’s work with dependency and recent findings using the IAT to assess facets of self-concept and personality, it has been postulated that the two lines of inquiry bear much similarity, which has been discussed theoretically (McGrath, 2008) and should be explored empirically (Cogswell, 2008). The Present Study Given the conceptual overlap between Bornstein’s work and that of IAT researchers, the current study sought to capitalize on these commonalities in an effort to guide future research in this domain. Specifically, this study attempted to first validate a new method of assessing implicit dependency. A recent modification of the IAT, the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT; Karpinski Steinman, 2006), was adapted to provide a measure of individual variation in implicit dependency needs. We also compared the correlates and predictive utility of self-report versus implicit measures of dependency. As discussed in detail by Bornstein (2002), gender differences tend to emerge on face valid, self-report measures of dependency, such that females report greater needs for dependency than do males. On a Rorschach-derived index of dependency, however, findings indicate that males and females score equivalently, suggesting that Chloroquine (diphosphate) supplier self-presentational biases are significant in determining scores on self-report measures, but not on indirect measures. Thus, we anticipated that females would score higher than males on our selected self-report dependency measures (DEQ and IDI), and would not significantly differ from males on the implicit measures. McClelland and colleagues (1989) reported non-significant or small significant correlations between an individual’s implicit and self-attributed motivation in a number of domains, and Bornstein and his colleagues (Bornstein, Bowers, Bonner, 1996; Bornstein, Rossner, Hill, 1994) have extended this issue to interpersonal dependency, finding larger, but still modest correlations between self-report and indirect dependency measures. These findings beg the question of how best to characterize individuals whose self-reported and implicit needs are discrepant. Bornstein (1998) began to address this matter by examining the role of discontinuities between self-reported and implicit dependency in help-seeking behavior under various conditions. His data, as described earlier, provide support for the general notion that implicit dependency is more predictive of spontaneous help-seeking, whereas self-reported dependency is more closely related to controlled help-seeking. His data do not, however, inform us about the larger implications of discontinuities between implicit and self-reported dependency motives (see Cogswell, 2008 for review of this, and other relevant unanswered questions). Thus, in an effort to explore these implications, the present study also involved an administration of a short form of the Tariquidar custom synthesis personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) and the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR; Paulhus, 1994), both selfreport instruments, to all participants. The PAI is a comprehensive, clinically oriented personality instrument. We derived four prototypical personality profiles on the PAI for individuals based on their scores on self-reported and implicit dependency measures (details on methodology presented later). Research in the self-esteem domain has found individuals with high self-reported, but low implicit, self-esteem tend to en.Thor ManuscriptGiven the confluence of Bornstein’s work with dependency and recent findings using the IAT to assess facets of self-concept and personality, it has been postulated that the two lines of inquiry bear much similarity, which has been discussed theoretically (McGrath, 2008) and should be explored empirically (Cogswell, 2008). The Present Study Given the conceptual overlap between Bornstein’s work and that of IAT researchers, the current study sought to capitalize on these commonalities in an effort to guide future research in this domain. Specifically, this study attempted to first validate a new method of assessing implicit dependency. A recent modification of the IAT, the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT; Karpinski Steinman, 2006), was adapted to provide a measure of individual variation in implicit dependency needs. We also compared the correlates and predictive utility of self-report versus implicit measures of dependency. As discussed in detail by Bornstein (2002), gender differences tend to emerge on face valid, self-report measures of dependency, such that females report greater needs for dependency than do males. On a Rorschach-derived index of dependency, however, findings indicate that males and females score equivalently, suggesting that self-presentational biases are significant in determining scores on self-report measures, but not on indirect measures. Thus, we anticipated that females would score higher than males on our selected self-report dependency measures (DEQ and IDI), and would not significantly differ from males on the implicit measures. McClelland and colleagues (1989) reported non-significant or small significant correlations between an individual’s implicit and self-attributed motivation in a number of domains, and Bornstein and his colleagues (Bornstein, Bowers, Bonner, 1996; Bornstein, Rossner, Hill, 1994) have extended this issue to interpersonal dependency, finding larger, but still modest correlations between self-report and indirect dependency measures. These findings beg the question of how best to characterize individuals whose self-reported and implicit needs are discrepant. Bornstein (1998) began to address this matter by examining the role of discontinuities between self-reported and implicit dependency in help-seeking behavior under various conditions. His data, as described earlier, provide support for the general notion that implicit dependency is more predictive of spontaneous help-seeking, whereas self-reported dependency is more closely related to controlled help-seeking. His data do not, however, inform us about the larger implications of discontinuities between implicit and self-reported dependency motives (see Cogswell, 2008 for review of this, and other relevant unanswered questions). Thus, in an effort to explore these implications, the present study also involved an administration of a short form of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) and the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR; Paulhus, 1994), both selfreport instruments, to all participants. The PAI is a comprehensive, clinically oriented personality instrument. We derived four prototypical personality profiles on the PAI for individuals based on their scores on self-reported and implicit dependency measures (details on methodology presented later). Research in the self-esteem domain has found individuals with high self-reported, but low implicit, self-esteem tend to en.
Sodium channel sodium-channel.com
Just another WordPress site
