Ny of FVB mice, a few of the offspring from one

Ny of FVB mice, a few of the offspring from one breeder pair exhibited an abnormal skin phenotype at birth. Some pups were born with tight, smooth, shiny skin (Fig. 1A and B). The skin was stretched so tightly that the newborns were immobilized in a fetal position, unable to extend their body or their limbs. The characteristic appearance of the skin led us to describe the newborns as “pigskin” mutants. The mutant mice had a small jaw and protruding tongue (Fig. 1A). In some mutants, theA New Mouse Model for Congenital Ichthyosisprimer from exon 8 and an antisense primer from exon 11, the mutant RNA gave an amplification band that was about 120 bp LED 209 cost smaller than wild-type (data not shown). Sequencing revealed that exon 9 was completely missing from the mutant transcript (Fig. 5B). The loss of exon 9 (127 bp) causes a shift in the coding frame so the pigskin transcript encodes a truncated protein with only 449 amino acids. Of these, only the first 400 amino acids are from wild-type Fatp4 (see Fig. 5B). The truncated protein will be missing the conserved VLACS/FATP domain. Based on the RTPCR results, we designed primers to amplify exon 9 and the flanking genomic sequences by direct PCR from genomic DNA. Sequencing of the amplified bands revealed a point mutation (an A to T transversion) in the consensus splice donor sequence at the 39end of exon 9 in the mutant genome (Fig. 5C). Since antibodies against the N-terminus of Fatp4 are not available, westerns were performed using a Fatp4 antibody generated against a peptide from the C-terminus of Fatp4 (Fig. 5D). No band was detected in extracts from mutant skin (Fig. 5D, lanes 2 and 4), verifying the prediction that the full length Fatp4 protein is not synthesized by the pigskin mutants. Together, we conclude that this point mutation in Slc27a4 is the cause of the pigskin phenotype.KS 176 site staining was observed in the ventral follicles in the control embryos, but was partially lost on the ventral side of the mutants (Fig. 6D, arrow). At E16.5, both control and mutant embryos had no X-gal staining of intact dorsal and lateral skin (data not shown). Together, these data suggest that skin barrier development has been affected by E15.5 in the mutant embryos.DiscussionWe have identified and characterized a new mouse model for autosomal recessive, non-bullous, congenital ichthyosis. Mutant mice are born with a “tight skin” phenotype. The skin is stretched so tightly 18325633 that the mice are unable to move their limbs. The mutant mice have a distinctive protruding tongue (Fig. 1A), are unable to suckle, and die shortly after birth. Histological analysis of the skin showed hyperkeratosis (Fig. 2A ), defects in the lamellar bodies of the granular cells (Fig. 2B,C), hyperproliferation (Fig. 3B) and altered of keratin marker gene expression (Fig. 3A ). The mutation was mapped using SNP analysis (Fig. 4). Molecular characterization of the Fatp4/Slc27a4 transcript (Fig. 5B) and gene (Fig. 5C) identified a point mutation in the splice donor sequence of exon 9, resulting in exon skipping during processing of the primary transcript. The altered transcript encodes a predicted truncated Fatp4 protein that lacks the conserved VLACS domain (Fig. 5C). Western blots confirmed the loss of expression of the fulllength protein in newborn skin (Fig. 5D). This spontaneous mutation provides further evidence that Fatp4 is essential for proper cornification and barrier formation in the epidermis. Currently, autosomal recessive congenit.Ny of FVB mice, a few of the offspring from one breeder pair exhibited an abnormal skin phenotype at birth. Some pups were born with tight, smooth, shiny skin (Fig. 1A and B). The skin was stretched so tightly that the newborns were immobilized in a fetal position, unable to extend their body or their limbs. The characteristic appearance of the skin led us to describe the newborns as “pigskin” mutants. The mutant mice had a small jaw and protruding tongue (Fig. 1A). In some mutants, theA New Mouse Model for Congenital Ichthyosisprimer from exon 8 and an antisense primer from exon 11, the mutant RNA gave an amplification band that was about 120 bp smaller than wild-type (data not shown). Sequencing revealed that exon 9 was completely missing from the mutant transcript (Fig. 5B). The loss of exon 9 (127 bp) causes a shift in the coding frame so the pigskin transcript encodes a truncated protein with only 449 amino acids. Of these, only the first 400 amino acids are from wild-type Fatp4 (see Fig. 5B). The truncated protein will be missing the conserved VLACS/FATP domain. Based on the RTPCR results, we designed primers to amplify exon 9 and the flanking genomic sequences by direct PCR from genomic DNA. Sequencing of the amplified bands revealed a point mutation (an A to T transversion) in the consensus splice donor sequence at the 39end of exon 9 in the mutant genome (Fig. 5C). Since antibodies against the N-terminus of Fatp4 are not available, westerns were performed using a Fatp4 antibody generated against a peptide from the C-terminus of Fatp4 (Fig. 5D). No band was detected in extracts from mutant skin (Fig. 5D, lanes 2 and 4), verifying the prediction that the full length Fatp4 protein is not synthesized by the pigskin mutants. Together, we conclude that this point mutation in Slc27a4 is the cause of the pigskin phenotype.staining was observed in the ventral follicles in the control embryos, but was partially lost on the ventral side of the mutants (Fig. 6D, arrow). At E16.5, both control and mutant embryos had no X-gal staining of intact dorsal and lateral skin (data not shown). Together, these data suggest that skin barrier development has been affected by E15.5 in the mutant embryos.DiscussionWe have identified and characterized a new mouse model for autosomal recessive, non-bullous, congenital ichthyosis. Mutant mice are born with a “tight skin” phenotype. The skin is stretched so tightly 18325633 that the mice are unable to move their limbs. The mutant mice have a distinctive protruding tongue (Fig. 1A), are unable to suckle, and die shortly after birth. Histological analysis of the skin showed hyperkeratosis (Fig. 2A ), defects in the lamellar bodies of the granular cells (Fig. 2B,C), hyperproliferation (Fig. 3B) and altered of keratin marker gene expression (Fig. 3A ). The mutation was mapped using SNP analysis (Fig. 4). Molecular characterization of the Fatp4/Slc27a4 transcript (Fig. 5B) and gene (Fig. 5C) identified a point mutation in the splice donor sequence of exon 9, resulting in exon skipping during processing of the primary transcript. The altered transcript encodes a predicted truncated Fatp4 protein that lacks the conserved VLACS domain (Fig. 5C). Western blots confirmed the loss of expression of the fulllength protein in newborn skin (Fig. 5D). This spontaneous mutation provides further evidence that Fatp4 is essential for proper cornification and barrier formation in the epidermis. Currently, autosomal recessive congenit.