Larity percentage within reference period was 84.5 64.1 . Only seven subjects presented a

Larity percentage within AZP-531 biological activity reference period was 84.5 64.1 . Only seven subjects presented a 100 similarity between day-12, day-6 and day 0, but twelve subjects presented a 100 similarity between day -6 and day 0 and little variations occurred for the others. At day 5, mean similarity percentages were 55.8 67.6 . The microbiota of three subjects did not respond to AMC treatment (Dice’s similarity coefficient 100 at day 5 and day 8), whereas there was a marked change of TTGE profiles for the others. One or two months after the end of AMC treatment, the mean similarity percentages of TTGE profiles were 59.6 and 62.3 respectively, showing that microbiota was still modified. To improve comparisons, two groups were constituted. The first gathered volunteers with Dice’s similarity coefficients at day 64 80 (corresponding to the mean observed during reference period (n = 5)) and the others (n = 12) (Fig. 5). The microbiota of three individuals within the 5 showed marked alterations of TTGE profiles at day 5 (or day 8) and returned to similarity percentages 90 at day 64. The last two microbiota were resistant to AMC. In this group, the microbiota studied in the reference period was very stable (100 similarity). Among the other volunteers microbiota, a Dice similarity coefficient between 0 and 78 was found on day 64 (Fig. 4B). The TTGE profiles from Bifidobacterium species of first or second groups were not specific to one group. To check if this profile variation corresponded only to strain change or to species change, identification of bands were realised. Most fragments co-migrated to the same position as reference strains or clones (M1 and M2) but a few migrated to different positions and could not be identified in this way. Many cultured collection bifidobacteria and many clones are present in our data bank. Recently, twenty six bands were cloned and sequenced [29]. In this study, band sequencing of 11 new bands resulted in thecharacterization of B. dentium (normalised relative front (Rf) 0.50; 0.63; 0.77), B. pseudolongum (Rf 0.76) and the confirmation of B. longum (Rf 0.62; 0.63), B. adolescentis (Rf 0.58; 0.72), B. AZP-531 biological activity pseudocatenulatum/B. catenulatum (Rf 0.74), B. lactis (Rf 0.90). Rf 0.63 corresponded to two possible identifications (B. dentium or B. longum) but band identified as B. dentium was always thinner than B. longum. Similar profiles were observed at day -12, day -6 and day 0 (Fig. 6) with little variation as illustrated by Dice’s TTGE coefficients. AMC treatment (day 5) did not affect B. longum (TTGE bands found in 56 of subjects versus 52 during reference period) or B. dentium (6 in both period) but induced a significant decrease of B. adolescentis (39 versus 83 ), B. bifidum (11 versus 35 ) and B. pseudocatenulatum/B. catenulatum group (22 with a disappearance in 6 subjects and an appearance in 2 other subjects, versus 46 ). One B. breve band appeared and was detected in 3 subjects (17 ). Moreover, the average number of Bifidobacterium species per sample was significantly lower compared to the pre-exposure period (1.560.3 vs 2.360.3) (p,0.05). At day 8, the average number of Bifidobacterium species per sample was 1.760.3 and increased up to 2.160.3 at day 12 (not significantly different from day 0). At day 8, the species distribution was similar to day 5 for the 18 subjects. At day 12, B. adolescentis increased significantly 24272870 (72 ), as B. pseudocatenulatum/B. catenulatum (44 ). B. bifidum did not change (11 ). At da.Larity percentage within reference period was 84.5 64.1 . Only seven subjects presented a 100 similarity between day-12, day-6 and day 0, but twelve subjects presented a 100 similarity between day -6 and day 0 and little variations occurred for the others. At day 5, mean similarity percentages were 55.8 67.6 . The microbiota of three subjects did not respond to AMC treatment (Dice’s similarity coefficient 100 at day 5 and day 8), whereas there was a marked change of TTGE profiles for the others. One or two months after the end of AMC treatment, the mean similarity percentages of TTGE profiles were 59.6 and 62.3 respectively, showing that microbiota was still modified. To improve comparisons, two groups were constituted. The first gathered volunteers with Dice’s similarity coefficients at day 64 80 (corresponding to the mean observed during reference period (n = 5)) and the others (n = 12) (Fig. 5). The microbiota of three individuals within the 5 showed marked alterations of TTGE profiles at day 5 (or day 8) and returned to similarity percentages 90 at day 64. The last two microbiota were resistant to AMC. In this group, the microbiota studied in the reference period was very stable (100 similarity). Among the other volunteers microbiota, a Dice similarity coefficient between 0 and 78 was found on day 64 (Fig. 4B). The TTGE profiles from Bifidobacterium species of first or second groups were not specific to one group. To check if this profile variation corresponded only to strain change or to species change, identification of bands were realised. Most fragments co-migrated to the same position as reference strains or clones (M1 and M2) but a few migrated to different positions and could not be identified in this way. Many cultured collection bifidobacteria and many clones are present in our data bank. Recently, twenty six bands were cloned and sequenced [29]. In this study, band sequencing of 11 new bands resulted in thecharacterization of B. dentium (normalised relative front (Rf) 0.50; 0.63; 0.77), B. pseudolongum (Rf 0.76) and the confirmation of B. longum (Rf 0.62; 0.63), B. adolescentis (Rf 0.58; 0.72), B. pseudocatenulatum/B. catenulatum (Rf 0.74), B. lactis (Rf 0.90). Rf 0.63 corresponded to two possible identifications (B. dentium or B. longum) but band identified as B. dentium was always thinner than B. longum. Similar profiles were observed at day -12, day -6 and day 0 (Fig. 6) with little variation as illustrated by Dice’s TTGE coefficients. AMC treatment (day 5) did not affect B. longum (TTGE bands found in 56 of subjects versus 52 during reference period) or B. dentium (6 in both period) but induced a significant decrease of B. adolescentis (39 versus 83 ), B. bifidum (11 versus 35 ) and B. pseudocatenulatum/B. catenulatum group (22 with a disappearance in 6 subjects and an appearance in 2 other subjects, versus 46 ). One B. breve band appeared and was detected in 3 subjects (17 ). Moreover, the average number of Bifidobacterium species per sample was significantly lower compared to the pre-exposure period (1.560.3 vs 2.360.3) (p,0.05). At day 8, the average number of Bifidobacterium species per sample was 1.760.3 and increased up to 2.160.3 at day 12 (not significantly different from day 0). At day 8, the species distribution was similar to day 5 for the 18 subjects. At day 12, B. adolescentis increased significantly 24272870 (72 ), as B. pseudocatenulatum/B. catenulatum (44 ). B. bifidum did not change (11 ). At da.