product name Bupivacaine HCl
Description: Bupivacaine HCl binds to the intracellular portion of voltage-gated sodium channels and blocks sodium influx into nerve cells. Bupivacaine is a medication used to freeze tissue in a specific area. It is administered by injecting it into the area, around a nerve that supplies the area, or into the spinal canals epidural space. It is available mixed with a small amount of epinephrine to make it last longer. Bupivacaine binds to the intracellular portion of voltage-gated sodium channels and blocks sodium influx into nerve cells, which prevents depolarization.
References: Arthroscopy. 2006 Jul;22(7):693-9; Anesthesiology. 2002 Sep;97(3):710-6.
324.89
Formula
C18H28N2O.HCl
CAS No.
18010-40-7
Storage
-20℃ for 3 years in powder form
-80℃ for 2 years in solvent
Solubility (In vitro)
DMSO: 65 mg/mL (200.1 mM)
Water: 23 mg/mL (70.8 mM)
Ethanol: 65 mg/mL (200.1 mM)
Solubility (In vivo)
Synonyms
other peoduct :
| In Vitro |
In vitro activity: Bupivacaine solution is cytotoxic to bovine articular chondrocytes and articular cartilage in vitro after only 15 to 30 minutes exposure. Bupivacaine acts in isolated mitochondria, as uncouplers between oxygen consumption and phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate. Bupivacaine causes a concentration-dependent mitochondrial depolarization and pyridine nucleotide oxidation in isolated mitochondria, which are matched by an increased oxygen consumption at bupivacaine concentrations of 1.5 mm or less at pH 7.4, whereas respiration is inhibited at higher concentrations. Bupivacaine causes the opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP), a cyclosporin A-sensitive inner membrane channel that plays a key role in many forms of cell death. Bupivacaine causes mitochondrial depolarization and pyridine nucleotides oxidation that are matched by increased concentrations of cytosolic free Ca(2+), release of cytochrome c, and eventually, hypercontracture in intact flexor digitorum brevis fibers. Bupivacaine inhibits GIRK channels within seconds of application, regardless of whether channels are activated through the muscarinic receptor or directly via coexpressed G protein G(beta)gamma subunits. Bupivacaine also inhibits alcohol-induced GIRK currents in the absence of functional pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins. Bupivacaine HCl also potently inhibits cAMP production with an IC50 of 2.3 μM. Kinase Assay: Cell Assay: |
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| In Vivo | Bupivacaine does not only induce Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in rats, but also inhibits Ca2+ uptake by the SR, which is mainly regulated by SR Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase activity. |
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| References | Arthroscopy. 2006 Jul;22(7):693-9; Anesthesiology. 2002 Sep;97(3):710-6. |
