product name MK-2048
Description: MK-2048 is a potent inhibitor of integrase (IN) and INR263K with IC50 of 2.6 nM and 1.5 nM, respectively. MK-2048 is a a second-generation HIV-1 integrase inhibitor that is the prototypical second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) developed with the goal of retaining activity against viruses containing mutations associated with resistance to first-generation INSTIs, raltegravir and elvitegravir. The inhibition activity of MK-2048 against integrase was evaluated by means of purified recombinant subtype B and C integrase enzymes.
References: J Virol. 2012 Mar;86(5):2696-705; Retrovirology. 2009 Nov 11;6:103. doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-103.
461.87
Formula
C21H21ClFN5O4
CAS No.
869901-69-9
Storage
-20℃ for 3 years in powder form
-80℃ for 2 years in solvent
Solubility (In vitro)
DMSO: 9 mg/mL (19.5 mM)
Water: <1 mg/mL
Ethanol: <1 mg/mL
Solubility (In vivo)
Synonyms
other peoduct :
| In Vitro |
In vitro activity: MK-2048 inhibits subtype B and subtype C integrase activities with IC50 of 75 nM and 80 nM, respectively. Disintegration is prevented by high concentrations of MK-2048 to a comparable extent with both subtype B and C enzymes. Mutation at the site of R263K slightly increases integrase susceptibility to MK-2048. G118R translates into a decrease in integrase activity and confers resistance to MK-2048. MK-2048 inhibits S217H intasome with an IC50 of 900 nM. By contrast, MK2048 remains fully active against the N224H intasome with an IC50 of 25 nM. MK2048 displays substantially lower dissociation rates compared with raltegravir, another integrase inhibitor. The subsequent selection of E138K partially restores replication capacity to approximately 13% of wt levels and increased resistance to MK-2048 to approximately 8-fold. MK-2048 is active against viruses resistant to RAL and EVG. Exposure to MK-2048 leads to the selection of G118R as a possible novel resistance mutation after 19 weeks. Continued pressure with MK-2048 subsequently leads to an additional substitution after 29 weeks at position E138K, within the IN gene. Although the G118R mutation alone confers only slight resistance to MK-2048 but not to RAL or EVG, its presence arouses a dramatic reduction in viral replication capacity compared to wild-type NL4-3. E138K both partially restores viral replication capacity and also contributes to increased levels of resistance against MK-2048. Kinase Assay: Cell Assay: A total of 7.5×104 PM1 cells per well are infected with clonal NL4-3 virus containing the integrase mutations G118R, E138K, or G118R and E138K or with wild-type viruses (45 ng p24 virus per well) by spinoculation at 1,200 × g for 2 hours at 37 °C. Cells are washed twice to remove unbound virus and then resuspends in RPMI growth medium alone or containing various concentrations of MK-2048, ranging between 0.0256 nM and 2 μM. Experiments is performed, each in duplicate. Supernatant reverse transcriptase (RT) activity is measured at 72 hours postinfection as an indicator of virus replication. Data are normalized based on uninfected and no-drug controls included in each experiment. Viral replication capacity is determined in PM1 cells using the same methodology as that used to determine EC50s, by comparing levels of supernatant RT activity of each mutant virus to those of wild-type virus in the absence of MK-2048. |
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| In Vivo | |
| Animal model | |
| Formulation & Dosage | |
| References | J Virol. 2012 Mar;86(5):2696-705; Retrovirology. 2009 Nov 11;6:103. doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-103. |
Related Posts
product name MK-2048
Description: Cabotegravir (also known as GSK744, GSK1265744) is a long-acting HIV integrase inhibitor against a broad range of HIV subtypes, and inhibits the HIV-1 integrase catalyzed strand transfer reaction with IC50 of 3.0 nM. In resistance passage experiments, integrase enzyme assays, and cellular assays with site-directed molecular (SDM) HIV clones resistant to other classes of anti-HIV-1 agents and earlier integrase strand transfer inhibitors, Cabotegravir showed efficient inhibition of HIV replication through inhibiting HIV integrase
References: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Jan;59(1):397-406; Sci Transl Med. 2015 Jan 14;7(270):270ra4.
405.35
Formula
C19H17F2N3O5
CAS No.
1051375-10-0
Storage
-20℃ for 3 years in powder form
-80℃ for 2 years in solvent
Solubility (In vitro)
DMSO: 38 mg/mL (93.7 mM)
Water: <1 mg/mL
Ethanol: <1 mg/mL
Solubility (In vivo)
Synonyms
other peoduct :
| In Vitro |
In vitro activity: GSK1265744 inhibits HIV replication with EC50 of 0.22 nM and 0.34-1.3 nM against HIV-1 Ba-L and NL432, respectively. GSK1265744 produces cytotoxicity with CC50 of 6.4, 5.0, 9.2, and 13 μM in proliferating IM-9, U-937, MT-4, and Molt-4 cell lines, respectively. Kinase Assay: The inhibitory concentrations of GSK1265744 is measured in a strand transfer assay using recombinant HIV IN. A complex of integrase and biotinylated donor DNA–streptavidin-coated SPA beads is formed by incubating 2 μM purified recombinant integrase with 0.66 μM biotinylated donor DNA–4 mg/mL streptavidin-coated SPA beads in 25 mM sodium MOPS pH 7.2, 23 mM NaCl, and 10 mM MgCl2 for 5 minutes at 37°C. These beads are spun down and preincubated with diluted INSTIs for 60 minutes at 37°C. Next, [3H]-labeled target DNA substrate is added to give a final concentration of 7 nM substrate, and the strand transfer reaction is incubated at 37°C for 25 to 45 minutes, which allowed for a linear increase in strand transfer of donor DNA to radiolabeled target DNA. The signal is read using a Wallac MicroBeta scintillation plate reader. Cell Assay: Using resistance passage experiments, integrase enzyme assays, and cellular assays with site-directed molecular (SDM) HIV clones resistant to other classes of anti-HIV-1 agents and earlier integrase strand transfer inhibitors, results showed that GSK1265744 efficiently inhibited HIV replication through inhibiting HIV integrase |
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| In Vivo | GSK1265744 (50 mg/kg) treatment protects rhesus macaques against three high-dose SHIV challenges. |
| Animal model | In female pigtail macaques model that intravaginal inoculated simian/human immunodeficiency virus twice a week for up to 11 weeks, GSK744 injection prevented the macaques from being infected by virus while placebo controls were infected after a 4 median vaginal challenges with SHIV which reminded that GSK744 may be a potential preexposure prophylaxis drug for prevention via inhibiting HIV integrase |
| Formulation & Dosage | |
| References | Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Jan;59(1):397-406; Sci Transl Med. 2015 Jan 14;7(270):270ra4. |