20). The root extract is reported to improve the total leukocyte count as well as

20). The root extract is reported to improve the total leukocyte count as well as the population of monocyte and neutrophil in experimental studies. Immunostimulatory possible is reported via DTH response, phagocytic activity and intracellular killing potential of phagocytes (Maji et al. 2014). S. suaveolens also reported to provide protection from Ranikhet illness virus (Bhakuni et al. 1971). S. suaveolens is an important ingredient of Dashamoola kwath, an δ Opioid Receptor/DOR drug essential Ayurvedic formulation. Dashamoola formulation, both alone and in combination with aspirin, demonstrated anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-platelet effects comparable to aspirin (Parekar et al. 2015). S. suaveolens is also among the list of significant components on the decoction utilised in the formulation of AYUSH-64 which can be officially advised for the distinct categories of COVID-19 individuals by the Ministry of AYUSH (Sumathi et al. 2021) as well as discovered successful as an antiviral, anti-asthmatic and immunoboosting (Ahmad et al. 2021).Piper longum L. (Pippali)Piper longum is majorly regarded as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, bioavailability enhancer, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antiplatelet and antifungal agent (Kumar et al. 2011; Yadav et al. 2020). The 4 dihydroxy1-(3-phenyl propanoyl)-piperidine-2 compound located in P. longum is reported to minimize the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats and protected guinea pigs against antigen-induced bronchospasm (Kulshreshta et al. 1969). The chloroform extract of P. longum inhibits ICAM-1, vascular cell adhesion protein 1 and E-selectin by means of the inhibition of NF-kB in endothelial cells. This also inhibited NADPH-catalysed rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation, demonstrating its antioxidant activity (Singh et al. 2008). These findings point towards antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity of P. longum (Reddy and Lokesh 1992). P. longum is also reported to activate cellular and humoral immune responses (Sunila and Kuttan 2004). Additionally, it exhibits good bioavailability enhancer properties (Kesarwani et al. 2013). In vitro studies of piperine reported for significant inhibitory HBV activity against the secretion of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV e antigen (HBeAg) (Jiang et al. 2013). Piperolactam A, an additional phytoconstituent of P. longum, was identified to be an effective inhibitor of S-protein binding to the GRP78 receptor which can avert the virus from binding towards the host by preventing the S-protein from binding towards the CS-GRP78 cell surface receptor in an in 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist site silico study (Kothandan et al. 2021). Lots of clinical studies on P. longum have already been conducted, and also the herb has been identified to become protected (Manoj et al. 2004; Pathak et al. 2010). A randomized, pen label exploratory trial is registered in India for the evaluation of safety and efficacy of T. cordifolia + P. longum as adjunct therapy to regular care for the management of mild to moderate COVID-19 sufferers (CTRI/2020/06/025557). A similar type of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the impact of curcumin-piperine in SARS-CoV-2 patients in Iran is also ongoing (Miryan et al. 2020). Acute toxicity research of P. longum show no mortality or morbidity when three to 5g/kg is administered to animals for the duration of pharmacological research; on the other hand, beneath particular circumstances, for example pregnancy and lactation, the fruits of P. longum should be employed with caution because of possible interactions (Chanda et al. 2009).Terminalia chebula Retz. (Haritaki)Terminalia chebula is reported f