olyphenol oxidaPPOs [20,21]. tion by PPOs [20,21]. A second enzyme that may very well be

olyphenol oxidaPPOs [20,21]. tion by PPOs [20,21]. A second enzyme that may very well be involved inside the B-ring hydroxylation of dihydrochalA would be the cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenase hydroxylation of dihydrochalcones second enzyme that might be involved inside the B-ring flavonoid 3 -hydroxylase (F3 H), cones may be the cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenase flavonoid B-ring of several which catalyzes the introduction of an further hydroxyl group inside the 3-hydroxylase (F3H), which catalyzes the introduction of an further hydroxyl group pattern of anthoflavonoid classes. F3 H in the end determines the B-ring-hydroxylation in the B-ring of several flavonoid classes.the colour hue of anthocyanin containing tissues. Hydroxylation cyanidins, and thereby F3H in the end determines the B-ring-hydroxylation pattern of anthocyanidins, and thereby the color hue of anthocyanin containing tissues. Hydroxylaoccurs, having said that, earlier within the pathway, commonly at the flavanone or dihydroflavonol tion occurs, nevertheless,flavonols the pathway, generally at for all F3 Hs [22]. Hydroxylation level. Moreover, earlier in are popular substrates the flavanone or dihydroflavonol level. Additionally, flavonols are frequent far, and leucoanthocyanidins Hydroxylation of of anthocyanidins was not observed so substrates for all F3Hs [22]. and flavones had been anthocyanidins was not for some, but far, andF3 Hs [23]. Despite the fact that the hydroxylation of shown to become substrates observed so not all, leucoanthocyanidins and flavones were shown to be substrates for some, but not similarity [23]. While the hydroxylation of chalcones in the B-ring shows structural all, F3Hs towards the F3 H reaction, unique chalcone chalcones in the B-ring shows structural similarity for the F3H reaction,from F3 Hs [24,25]. 3-hydroxylase (CH3H) enzymes are required, which apparently evolved special chalcone 3-hydroxylase (CH3H) structurally related to chalcones, and we previously from F3Hs Dihydrochalcones are enzymes are required, which apparently evolved showed that [24,25]. Dihydrochalcones are structurally SIK3 Compound connected F3 H with the ornamental plant Cosmos they may be accepted as substrates by both CH3H and to chalcones, and we previously showed thatalbeit are accepted as[15]. Current by each CH3H and F3H of your the metabolic sulphureus, they to a low extent substrates years saw increasing interest in ornamental plant Cosmos sulphureus, albeit to a lowpathway in Recent years saw rising particularly engineering with the dihydrochalcone extent [15]. a variety of microorganisms to interest in the metabolic engineering of for nutritional or pharmaceutical many microorganisms the make dihydrochalcones the dihydrochalcone pathway in purposes [268]. Therefore, to especially make dihydrochalcones for nutritional or pharmaceutical purposes [268]. enzymes and genes involved in the dihydrochalcone pathway of apples are also of biotechThus, the enzymes and this frame, a screening of 6 F3 Hs from six plants of apples are also nological interest. In genes involved in the dihydrochalcone pathway and 1 CH3H was of biotechnological their suitabilityframe, a screening of six F3Hs from six plants and 1 CH3H performed to test interest. In this for metabolic engineering of 3-hydroxyphloretin formation. Out of these, only the CH3H enzyme was convincing, and two apple F3 Hs had been was performed to test their PRMT1 Synonyms suitability for metabolic engineering of 3-hydroxyphloretin reported Out of those, only the CH3H enzyme was convincing, and two apple F3Hs fo