The structures in the CNTs were analyzed by Raman spectra, as shown in Figure 3b.

The structures in the CNTs were analyzed by Raman spectra, as shown in Figure 3b. The 3b. The Raman spectrum of pristine CNTs had been composed of two strong peaks at 1335 cmRaman spectrum of pristine CNTs were composed of two powerful peaks at 1335 cm-1 and 1 and 1572 cm-1, corresponding towards the D and G bands, respectively. The D band constitutes 1572 cm-1 , corresponding towards the D and G bands, respectively. The D band constitutes a a disordered induction characteristic, which can be derived in the vibration of C atoms with disordered induction characteristic, which is derived from the vibration of C atoms with dangling bonds, while the G band is derived in the tangential shear mode in C atoms, dangling bonds, even though the G band is derived in the tangential shear mode in C atoms, which corresponds for the tensile mode within the graphite plane [33,34]. The reduced intensity which corresponds for the tensile mode in the graphite plane [33,34]. The reduce intensity of D/G band intensity ratio (ID/IG) reflects the larger degree of graphitization; the ratio of of D/G band intensity ratio (ID /IG ) reflects the greater degree of graphitization; the ratio the intensities (ID/IG) was 1.06 for the pristine CNTs and 1.32 for the SnO2/CNT NNs, which from the intensities (ID /IG ) was 1.06 for the pristine CNTs and 1.32 for the SnO2 /CNT NNs, recommended that there was a certain degree of damage for the CNTs structure in the approach which suggested that there was a particular degree of harm towards the CNTs structure inside the of preparing SnO2/CNT NNs by the DC arc-discharge plasma, that is constant with course of action of preparing SnO2 /CNT NNs by the DC arc-discharge plasma, which is constant our previous researches [31]. The defects on the CNTs wallswalls bring about numerous cavities and with our earlier researches [31]. The defects around the CNTs might may perhaps cause a lot of cavities alleyways within the graphite layers, which is beneficial to enhancing the the anchoring impact and alleyways in the graphite layers, which is helpful to enhancing anchoring effect of SnO2 nanoparticles and and CNTs, also PF-06454589 site supplies moremore reactionfor Lifor Li . Apart from, of SnO2 nanoparticles CNTs, and as well as delivers reaction sites web sites . In addition to, CNTs nevertheless have ahave a high degree of MRTX-1719 manufacturer graphitization andretainretainelectrical conductivity. CNTs nonetheless higher degree of graphitization and as a result as a result high higher electrical conductivity.Figure 3. (a) XRD patterns ofof bare SnO2 , SnO2 /CNT NNs composites (b) Raman spectra of prisFigure three. (a) XRD patterns bare SnO2, SnO2/CNT NNs composites and and (b) Raman spectra of tine CNTs, SnOSnO2 /CNT NNs composites. pristine CNTs, 2/CNT NNs composites.The XPS studies were carried out to recognize the chemical composition of SnO22/CNT composition of SnO /CNT The XPS research were NNs composites. NNs composites. Figure 4a shows the XPS survey spectra ofof SnO2/CNT NNs composites, 4a shows the XPS survey spectra SnO2 /CNT NNs composites, it might be clearly observed that the SnO2 /CNT NNs composites produced peaks corresponding to it can be clearly observed that the SnO2/CNT NNs composites produced peaks corresponding O 1s, C C Sn 3d as too as Sn 3p, indicating the presence within the sample besides CNTs to O 1s, 1s,1s, Sn 3d well as Sn 3p, indicating the presence of Snof Sn within the sample apart from and SnO2 this this really is as a consequence of the fact that a smaller quantity of Sn not oxidized for the duration of the CNTs and ,SnO2,is as a consequence of the truth that a little volume of Sn waswas not oxidized throughout preparing process by by plas.